Things to Consider if You Have Diabetic Foot Ulcers or Circulation Problems

Taking extra care of your feet is part and parcel of living with diabetes. Over time, high blood sugar can damage the small blood vessels and nerves in your legs and feet, leading to two common complications: poor circulation, known as peripheral arterial disease, and nerve damage, also called peripheral neuropathy. Together, these can make your feet more vulnerable to injury or slow healing, and can increase the risk of infection.

According to data from Diabetes UK, more than 4.5 million people in the UK have been diagnosed with diabetes, while there are a further estimated 1.6 million undiagnosed cases. Around one in ten people with diabetes will develop a foot ulcer at some point. These ulcers can start from something as simple as a blister or small cut that doesn’t heal properly. Reduced sensation can make it harder to feel pain or pressure, so even minor wounds can develop into something more serious before you notice.

Causes of diabetic foot problems and risk factors

Diabetic foot problems develop gradually but are often preventable. Common contributing factors include the following:

• Nerve damage (neuropathy) – Loss of sensation means you may not feel injuries, heat, or friction.
• Poor circulation – Narrowed arteries reduce blood flow, slowing healing and making infections more likely.
• High blood sugar levels – Persistently raised glucose affects blood vessels and immune response.
• Foot deformities or pressure areas – Bunions, hammertoes, or calluses can increase rubbing and skin breakdown.
• Ill-fitting footwear – Tight or rough-seamed shoes can cause blisters or sores that go unnoticed.
• Other factors such as smoking, obesity, and long-term diabetes increase risk further.

Recognising the symptoms

Early signs of diabetic foot problems can be subtle, so regular self-checks are essential. Be alert for the following common symptoms:

• Pins and needles or numbness in the feet or toes.
• Burning, shooting, or stabbing pain, especially at night.
• Changes in skin colour or temperature, such as pale, bluish, or cold feet, which indicates poor circulation.
• Dry or cracked skin, sometimes accompanied by hard calluses or corns.
• Swelling around the ankles or feet, especially after long periods of standing or sitting.
• Sores, blisters, or wounds that take longer than usual to heal.
• Loss of hair on the feet or legs, or thickened toenails due to reduced blood flow.

If you notice any open sores, infection, or sudden pain or redness, seek medical advice immediately. Prompt attention reduces the risk of more serious complications and supports faster recovery.

Mobility aids and equipment to help living with diabetic foot ulcers or circulation problems

With daily care, proper footwear, and the right mobility aids, most people with diabetic foot ulcers or circulation problems can prevent serious complications and stay comfortably mobile. The right aids will ease pressure on the feet and legs, improve circulation and help you stay active safely. Specific needs will vary from one individual to the next, but the following options are likely to prove helpful:

Rise and recline chairs – keeping your legs elevated improves venous return and helps reduce swelling. Rise and recline chairs make it easy to raise your legs without straining, while the gentle lifting motion supports safe standing. Choose a model with an adjustable leg rest so you can elevate your feet above heart level for short periods. This can help to ease fluid build-up and promote circulation.

Footstools and leg rests – if you prefer a traditional fireside chair or armchair, a footstool or adjustable leg rest offers similar benefits. Regular short periods of elevation throughout the day can reduce ankle swelling and discomfort, especially if you spend long hours sitting. Look for padded, wipe-clean surfaces and stable, height-adjustable designs.

Lightweight rollators – maintaining good mobility helps maintain circulation and vice versa. A lightweight rollator provides the confidence and support you need to keep walking safely. This in turn boosts blood flow to the feet and legs. Choose a model with a seat for rest breaks if you tire easily.

Extra-wide comfort footwear – appropriate footwear is one of the most important defences against foot ulcers. Choose extra-wide comfort shoes made from soft, breathable materials with adjustable fastenings and cushioned insoles. Avoid footwear with tight seams or hard edges that can rub the skin, and replace socks daily with moisture-wicking styles that keep your feet dry. Specialist diabetic footwear can also accommodate bandages or swollen feet, helping to prevent further irritation.

Compression therapy aids – compression clothing can help improve circulation in the legs, but it is vital to check with a GP, diabetes nurse, or podiatrist before you start using it, as incorrect pressure can make some circulatory conditions worse. If approved, mild compression aids like compression socks can reduce swelling and discomfort, especially during travel or prolonged sitting.

Day-to-day living with diabetes-related foot issues

Daily self-care is key to preventing complications and staying mobile when you have diabetic foot ulcers or circulation problems. Try to build a simple routine that includes the following:

• Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, redness, or swelling. Use a mirror or get help from a family member if necessary.
• Wash and dry feet carefully, especially between the toes, and apply moisturiser to prevent cracking.
• Never walk barefoot, even indoors, to avoid injury.
• Regularly trim toenails carefully. Ask a podiatrist for help if your vision or flexibility make it difficult.
• Keep moving – gentle walking, swimming, or seated exercises promote healthy blood flow.
• Avoid sitting for long periods; change position or stretch your legs regularly.

Creating a comfortable home environment makes everything easier. Keep walking areas clear, use non-slip mats, and ensure your footwear and aids are always within easy reach. Also, remember that restful sleep supports circulation and healing so a supportive bed that promotes the best sleep position is crucial.

Professional help and advice

Regular foot checks by your GP or podiatrist are essential for everyone, but especially those living with diabetes. You should have a professional foot assessment at least once a year, or more often if you have a history of ulcers or circulation issues.

For more information, Diabetes UK provides guidance on foot care, ulcer prevention, and diabetes management.